The Ten Books on Architecture, 10.11.1

Vitruvius  translated by Morris Hicky Morgan

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Ballistae

11I have now spoken of the principles applicable to the parts and proportions of catapults.

Ballistae are constructed on varying principles to produce an identical result. Some are worked by handspikes and windlasses, some by blocks and pulleys, others by capstans, others again by means of drums. No ballista, however, is made without regard to the given amount of weight of the stone which the engine is intended to throw. Hence their principle is not easy for everybody, but only for those who have knowledge of the geometrical principles employed in calculation and in multiplication.

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