The Ten Books on Architecture, 8.6.8

Vitruvius  translated by Joseph Gwilt

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8But if the water must be conveyed more economically, the following means may be adopted. Thick earthen tubes are to be provided, not less than two inches in thickness, and tongued at one end, so that they may fit into one another. The joints are then to be coated with a mixture of quick lime and oil, and in the elbows made by the level part of the venter, instead of the pipe, must be placed a block of red stone, which is to be perforated, so that the last length of inclined pipe, as well as the first length of the level part may be received into it. Then, on the opposite side, where the acclivity begins, the block of red stone receives the last length of the venter, and the first length of the rising pipe.

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